“Blood Quantum” explores Native American perspectives on the colonial construct of Blood Quantum. 9 JOANNE BARKER, NATIVE ACTS LAW, RECOGNITION, AND CULTURAL AUTHENTICITY 93-94 (2011). Blood quantum minimums have restrictions to who can be a citizen of a tribe. Apr 15, 2024. Nov 2, 2022 · “Blood quantum is a colonial invention with oppressive intent and effect, yet it has also offered a source of solidarity for some Native people,” Metoxen Kiel writes. Kauanui traces how an indigenous attempt to reclaim Apr 23, 2024 · By William O. Native Americans have been defined (first by settler society, and subsequently to varying degrees and in different ways by many tribes themselves), according to the principle of “blood quantum”—which in many ways is the opposite of the rule of hypodescent. Dec 1, 2021 · Blood Quantum is the reflection of this history. Multiple cases also examine global histories Hawaiian Blood is the first comprehensive history and analysis of this federal law that equates Hawaiian cultural identity with a quantifiable amount of blood. An 1866 Virginia decree specified that any non-coloured person having at least 25% Native American blood would be deemed an “Indian. We discussed the film and Barnaby’s previous film, Rhymes for Young Ghouls, in depth on the podcast here. This dichotomy may be traced to Morton v. This is a horror that feels nothing but fresh and essential. What many people don’t know is that blood quantum laws have been in effect for about three hundred years. When it ended up hitting screens The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … Nov 7, 2008 · Hawaiian Blood is the first comprehensive history and analysis of this federal law that equates Hawaiian cultural identity with a quantifiable amount of blood. According to the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (hhca) passed by Congress in 1921, a native Hawaiian is someone with ”at least one-half blood quantum of individuals inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778”; (p. Sep 1, 2020 · The Blood Quantum law is a way to determine the indigenous heritage of a person and to find out the percentage of Native blood in them, which further decides the policies that they can or can’t benefit from. We see the same thing happening in the movie where the percentage of indigenous blood decides whether or not you are immune to the virus. The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … Dec 28, 2021 · Blood Quantum is an indie production released in 2019 from writer-director Jeff Barnaby, a member of the Mi'kmaq tribe in Quebec, Canada. A photo of chief David, the last hereditary chief, or Nasukin, of the Yaq̓it ʔa·knuqǂiʾit First Nation. The moment when tribal members are no longer Native enough, based on colonial tactics that were established to assimilate, is the moment Indigenous people are bred out of existence. Feb 28, 2020 · The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized as a to Again, blood quantum is a colonial concept #indigenoustiktok #indigenous #colonialism #native #sapmi #landback #harrypotter. J. 15 Issues of the relation of blood quanta to identity and tribal affiliation have emerged as real, everyday In this paper, I study the practices of Tribal blood quantum within tribal communities from an Indigenous perspective, focusing on an internal community concern regarding blood quantum and its impact on Native people, tribal communities, and the next seven generations. Native Americans, however, are the only population in which blood is a requirement for collective belonging and can be the determining factor for whether one receives tribal benefits and services. Nika Bartoo-Smith. Jun 11, 2019 · In settler-colonial Canada, the state does not receive Indigenous testimony as credible evidence. Blood Quantum is streaming on Shudder and is available for digital rental on Amazon Prime, iTunes and Google Play. Her book, Possessing Polynesians-- The Science of Settler Colonial Whiteness in Hawai'i and Oceania, was published in 2019 with The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … Apr 28, 2020 · Blood Quantum: Directed by Jeff Barnaby. The film May 1, 2020 · It inverts colonial ideas to turn the tables on the oppressors and undeniably makes you question your own place within this scheme. For thousands of years, Native Jan 19, 2021 · I have two central findings: (1) although tribal citizenship criteria are starting to depart from the racializing policies of the settler-colonial state, blood quantum thresholds remain particularly durable; and (2) variation in tribal citizenship criteria is meaningful by geographic region, tribal governance status, and Indian gaming. colonialism as “four centuries of apocalyptic violence in the name of dispos-session” (Simpson 2016, 21). Indians, who were subjected to the harsh calculations of blood quantum. An awakened interest in the Affairs of Native populations had come to the forefront due to several events. In other words, the Indigenous worldview formation, while it functions as a knowledge system that knows and The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … Aug 2, 2022 · In Minnesota, the Chippewa tribe is weighing whether to change what is known as a blood quantum rule. The federal government, and specifically the Department of the Interior, issues what is called a "Certified Nov 7, 2008 · Hawaiian Blood is the first comprehensive history and analysis of this federal law that equates Hawaiian cultural identity with a quantifiable amount of blood. Nov 10, 2023 · Explore the intricate history and impact of Blood Quantum Laws on Indigenous identity in the United States, revealing how census enumerations transformed into divisive measures, all while unraveling the deep-rooted complexities of cultural erasure and colonialism. The amount a person has is measured in fractions, such as ¼ or ½. Moreover, governmental uses of the blood quantum mode aim to alter and displace the indigenous form of identification. Mancari and more recently to Rice v. Blood Quantum, the title of the new zombie film from writer-director Jeff Barnaby, is rich with meaning — and ties into the long history of genocide against indigenous people in the Americas. At the University of Utah, she is co-director of the Pacific Islands Studies. “On the one hand,” says Logan, “you have African Jan 1, 2011 · Rev ie w A rt icle. Apr 27, 2016 · Native American Blood Quantum Laws. This new body of work revolves around the creation of 20 color portraits and accompanying interviews with my Native American collaborators. Nevertheless, Blood Quantum, fully exploiting Dec 3, 2018 · Blood quantum has long been an influential and contested issue, one that has divided and disenfranchised American Indians in a variety of ways. According to blood quantum rules, native blood is "diluted" by non-native blood — and those who do not pass certain minimum thresholds are ineligible for membership in certain At the turn of the 20th century, the concept of “blood” took a central role in determining Native American political status and personhood. American Indian Identity and Blood Quantum in. So the way that blood quantum is calculated is by using tribal documents, and usually it Jul 10, 2011 · Blood quantum might sound like an action movie, but to the country's Native Americans it's all about identity. In Mancari, the Supreme Court held that laws that privilege members of Native American tribes In The Marrow Thieves, which I have discussed before, Cherie Dimaline uses dystopian tropes and a post-apocalyptic setting to speak to the ongoing history of colonialism, while Jeff Barnaby speaks to this same ongoing history in Blood Quantum by portraying a zombie horde threatening a Mi’kmaq reserve. Sep 4, 2019 · TIFF 2019: Indigenous artists are using horror to unpack colonial trauma. Blood Quantum in the modern sense was first “officially” used by the BIA after the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, better known as the Indian Welfare Act. James (Kawennáhere Devery Jacobs) and Lysol (Kiowa Jul 24, 2021 · Blood quantum (BQ) is based on a simple formula: Half of the combined degree of “Indian blood” an individual’s parents’ possess. (a commentary on post-colonial misogyny and toxic 3 days ago · Unlike blood quantum, the one-drop rule does not rely on a fraction of ancestry but rather on the presence of any African ancestry, even if it is not visibly apparent in an individual. Jan 10, 2017 · Indigenous identity in the US context presents many difficulties, including issues related to the use of blood quantum, ethnic fraud, and tribal disenrollment. Descendancy. By Scott Gordon Film October 20, 2020. As Sarah Krakoff notes, while the term “blood quantum” has Ith blood quantum and the one drop rule are hard to pinpoint to a moment where they were widely adopted, but generally the 1934 Indian reorganization act is when blood quantum was widely adopted, which was right at the peak of Jim Crow laws. In thinking through Indigenous-Blackness in colonial Canada, we explored the ramifications of the intersections of mixed-blood Indigenous-Black identity with colonialism, racism, gender, and social determinants of health, and how the outcomes of such intersections manifest as erasure, racism, and fractured identity. Hawaiian Blood intervenes in three areas. Praised for its inventive narrative take on the zombie Feb 10, 2023 · The Blood Quantum rule is a direct legacy of colonialism that stated that individuals with at least ¼ Indigenous blood were considered Indigenous. Despite its predictable beats in its final act Blood Quantum is equal parts bloody fun and thought-provoking. First introduced in colonial Virginia in the early 18th Century as a means of Blood Quantum defined as: e) Sokolow, (2000) “The term "blood quantum" is used to refer to the fraction of Indian blood present in an individual applying for membership in a federally recognized Indian tribe. Tribal nations are grappling how blood quantum politics, first used to define ‘‘native Hawaiian’’ by the U. The federal government, and specifically the Department of the Interior, issues what is called a "Certified Degree of Indian Blood," and that is a card similar to an ID card. Sep 1, 2008 · The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) defined "native Hawaiian" at 50-percent blood quantum, which was contrary to Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole proposal for a 1/32 blood quantum. In the United States, blood quantum (BQ) based enrolment criteria find their roots in settler-colonial policies to erase, assimilate, and subjugate Indigenous Peoples and individuals. "(10 Jeff Barnaby's Indigenous zombie flick is packed with blood, guts, and a machete to the face of colonialism. It requires enrolled members to have at least 25% tribal blood. Cordova-Marks & 1 more. Looking from the lens of how Indigenous peoples view tribal membership enrollment and Native American blood quantum from the Modern equal protection doctrine treats laws that make distinctions on the basis of indigeneity defined on blood quantum terms along a racial/political paradigm. With Jeff Barnaby’s zombie flick Blood Quantum debuting at Midnight Madness, we assembled a roundtable to explore the Aug 21, 2023 · Herein lies the Catch-22. This chapter is a survey of colonial deployments of blood quantum—and DNA—criteria for determining community memberships and defining indigeneity. The colonial implementation of the border between the United Apr 28, 2020 · Canadian director Jeff Barnaby’s stab at the zombie film, Blood Quantum, fortunately swings toward the metaphorical end of the undead entrails; it is as much a gusty dissection of colonialism as She is a Native Hawai'ian feminist scholar who works on issues of race, gender, science, and colonialism in Hawai'i and the broader Pacific. In writer-director Jeff Barnaby’s second feature, Blood Quantum, the close-range, torso-clawing violence of zombie films becomes a vehicle for a larger story about Apr 23, 2024 · In the United States, blood quantum (BQ) based enrolment criteria find their roots in settler-colonial policies to erase, assimilate, and subjugate Indigenous Peoples and individuals. America's blood quantum laws define who is and is not a member of a Native American tribe, based on their family line. Scholar Jill Doerfler (Anishinaabe) talks about the colonial origins of blood quantum as a criterion for determining "Indian" and tribal identity, and explains how the federal government imposed that criterion upon the White Earth people in order to divest them of their land. The federal government, and specifically the Department of the Interior, issues what is called a "Certified While this essay concerns nineteenth and twentieth century federal Indian blood quantum laws, Spruhan explains the colonial legal origins of blood quantum, dating back to at least 1705. So the way that blood quantum is calculated is by using tribal documents, and usually it In the United States, blood quantum (BQ) based enrolment criteria find their roots in settler-colonial policies to erase, assimilate, and subjugate Indigenous Peoples and individuals. The premise that biophysical characteristics, mental attributes, and cultural capabilities were imparted through a “race’s” blood found a home in the management of Indian Mar 25, 2017 · The use of blood quantum began in 1705 when the colony of Virginia adopted laws that limited the colonial civil rights of persons with at least 50% Native American ancestry. For decades, this policy has harmed many First Nation communities by forcing this colonial definition on Indigenous identity. The paper traces the development of the use of blood quantum, or fractional amounts of Indian blood to define Indian in federal law up to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. In the latest MovieMaker Interviews podcast, Barnaby discusses his influences, from Evil Dead to Night of the Living Dead, and how he used and reversed traditional zombie movie tropes. government utilized the discourse of blood as a means to rationalize the theft of Native lands Dec 1, 2020 · Blood Quantum messily subverts the methods of settler colonialism and acknowledges a way forward that will be inherited by our children. More disturbing, at least at May 8, 2020 · Jeff Barnaby's indigenous zombie movie 'Blood Quantum' drew on history for its horrors, but became eerily prescient amid the pandemic. With Michael Greyeyes, Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers, Forrest Goodluck, Kiowa Gordon. Blood quantum was used to strip Native people of their land, allow the federal government to back out of treaty promises for resources and support, and legally define Native Nations out of existence. Strange things are happening on the Red Crow Reservation: freshly gutted fish are jumping and writhing, a dead dog comes back to life to attack its owners, and the nearby hospital is being overrun with patients who were bitten by their friends and relatives. ”. S. Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula 32 Campus Dr Oct 27, 2022 · By Alice Bennett / Oct. To count toward membership in a federally recognized Indian tribe, Indian blood must be that of a recognized tribe. Ryan W. Kēhaulani Kauanui tackles the subject of blood quantum, which has been of concern to Kanaka Maoli—the indigenous people of Hawaii. In Blood Will Tell , Katherine Ellinghaus clearly details and demonstrates how, time and again, the U. Exploring how blood quantum policies and modern tribal enrolment criteria impacts Native identity formation and wellbeing. The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … Blood Quantum is a Canadian feature set in and around the isolated Mi’gmaq reserve of Red Crow in 1981. Kēhaulani Kauanui explains how blood quantum classification emerged as a way to undermine Native Hawaiian (Kanaka Maoli) sovereignty. Schmidt. First introduced in colonial Virginia in the early 18th Century as a means of May 21, 2020 · Blood Quantum uses exploitation horror to explore everything from toxic masculinity to racism to living as an Indigenous person in a world ravaged by colonialism. Killing zombies is messy work but it must be done. Carson, Felina M. One of his masterful contributions is not just his incisive and broadly persuasive theorization of settler colonialism but also the elegant simplicity of the language others can deploy in their own work. Multiple cases also examine global histories Apr 23, 2024 · In the United States, blood quantum (BQ) based enrolment criteria find their roots in settler-colonial policies to erase, assimilate, and subjugate Indigenous Peoples and individuals. These difficulties should be understood as oppressive dilemmas and disappearances that are built into those structures of US settler colonialism that seek to erase indigenous peoples. 2006. When a zombie apocalypse breaks out, the Miꞌkmaq find that they She expects blood quantum to be an issue that council members will have to address before her first term ends in 2024. Jeff Barnaby’s 2020 Wisconsin Film Festival selection is available on Shudder. The federal government, and specifically the Department of the Interior, issues what is called a "Certified Nov 7, 2008 · As a colonial imposition, the blood quantum model of identity is a demeaning alternative to Hawaiian kinship and genealogy as inclusive and expansive indigenous models of belonging. Bundy-McLeod says that one’s lineage makes one Native, not one’s blood quantum and adds that before colonization of what is now the United States, if an Indian fathered or gave birth to a child, then that child was an Indian. Id. Many Tribal Nations use blood quantum, the percentage of Indian blood one has, as a bright-line rule to determine The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized as a tool of control and erasure of Indigenous peoples. The overarching goal is to shed light on the diverse ways tribes recognize their members, the adverse impact of Blood Quantum on tribal sovereignty, and Apr 15, 2024 · The Tribal Border Crossing Parity Act could end the decades-old policy requiring proof of blood quantum to cross between the US and Canada. Apr 21, 2023 · Blood quantum membership requirements for Native Nations are a colonial legacy that was instituted as a way to assimilate or eradicate Native people. Apr 28, 2020 · “Blood Quantum,” now streaming on Shudder, Barnaby, himself born on the Mi’gmaq reserve, suggests a legacy of internalized self-harm seeded by colonialism, but he does not fully exploit The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … Aug 6, 2019 · The Blood Quantum Principle. The paper shows that blood quantum was not widely used in federal law until the twentieth century, as the branches of the federal government used matrilineal Jul 11, 2011 · Blood quantum might sound like an action movie, but to the country's Native Americans it's all about identity. Cayetano. Sep 1, 2009 · In Hawaiian Blood, J. Blood discourse can be added to the long list of assaults enacted on the Native American community, put alongside boarding schools, forbidden language and culture, land loss, and poverty. Congress in 1921, became a policy of colonial exclusion and erasure of sovereignty claims, whose e√ects are still being felt today. . This measurement can affect a person’s tribal identity and ability to become a federal member. So, if you've got 25 percent of Navajo blood — according to that tribe's blood quantum standards — and you have children with someone who has a lower blood quantum, your children won't be able to enroll. Blood Quantum (BQ) is a very controversial topic. The dead are coming back to life outside the isolated Mi'kmaq reserve of Red Crow, except for its Indigenous inhabitants who are strangely immune to the zombie plague. Colonial construct . During the assimilation period (1887-1934), blood quantum served Federally recognized tribes used a minimum quantum of “Indian blood” to affirm an individual’s tribal enrollment, an important determination that allowed individuals access to federal benefits, including access to health services. Premiering at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2019, its theatrical release, planned for spring 2020, was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2). Echoing these views, Michael Greyeyes, who plays Traylor in Blood Quantum, describes the colonial settler state as “another kind of apocalypse,” noting that “his community knows only too well what it Mar 19, 2020 · Abstract. The film takes place on Miꞌkmaq tribal land in Quebec. Sep 7, 2019 · Barnaby was living on the reserve at that time and says he used the zombie genre in Blood Quantum as a tool to contextualize colonialism and the horror of the past so it can be digested for the Blood quantum is a measure of the amount of Indian blood, expressed as a fraction such as one-half or one-fourth. Discussions foreground Hawaiian homestead legal protocols and the work of Kēhaulani Kauanui on blood and race politics under colonial rule. Castizo, in colonial Hispano Mi’kmaw director Jeff Barnaby’s much anticipated second feature Blood Quantum portrays an apocalyptic contagion in a strikingly topical way. When the bitten come back to Sep 1, 2020 · Yet even though it is a little uneven in spots, Blood Quantum (the title comes from old colonial laws that limited the civil rights of Native Americans) is definitely a most sincere zombie movie, a delightful roller-coaster when it really gets moving and a bit of a traffic stop when the fighting temporarily ceases and people have to talk about May 10, 2020 · Blood Quantum works as a straight-ahead, cheerfully grisly horror movie — or as a meditation on colonialism and capitalism. The term "blood quantum" refers to a colonial blood measurement system that is used to determine an individual's Indigenous status, and is criticized … May 23, 2024 · The colonial zombie whiplash of “Blood Quantum”. The federal government, and specifically the Department of the Interior, issues what is called a "Certified Abstract. While the state often accepts Indigenous testimony in formal hearings, the state fundamentally rejects Indigenous evidence as a description of the world as it is, as an onto-epistemology. First, proving "that blood quantum is a colonial project in the service of land alienation and dispossession. ” Blood often serves as the basis for identity for many groups in the United States. As a result, Native Nations throughout the United States continue to debate such practices. the 21st Century: A Critical Review. Oct 6, 2022 · Disenrolled Nooksack citizens believe that the U. Blood quantum laws were first imposed by white settlers in the 18th century. Hawaiian Blood is the first comprehensive history and analysis of this federal law that equates Hawaiian cultural identity with a quantifiable amount of blood. With blood quantum still used as an identifier of Native people, they will one day lose their status and recognition. Within the framework of the 50-percent rule Jill Doerfler: Defining Citizenship: Blood Quantum vs. His insights have become ubiquitous as Year. Apr 28, 2020 · In our interview with Jeff Barnaby, he discusses his zombie film about colonialism, Blood Quantum, telling Indigenous stories through genre, and working as his own editor and composer. The title refers to, as the press notes state, the colonial policy of “determining indigeneity based on the percentage of your indigenous heritage. Feb 9, 2018 · Blood quantum simply is the amount of "Indian blood" that an individual possesses. Ida Helene Benonisen · Original audio Jan 31, 2023 · Updated: January 31, 2023. 27, 2022 11:13 am EST. In the film, the Red Crow Reservation’s sheriff, Traylor (Michael Greyeyes), and his father, Gisigu (Stonehorse Lone Goeman) barely bat an eye when white people start taking bites out of everything from live chickens to Traylor’s son, Joseph (Forrest Goodluck). The same is true of decolonization. BLOOD QUANTUM AND GOVERNMENT POLICY. Zombies Abstract. It is an issue that affects everyone. at 4. In 1705, when the slave trade was at its height, state governments began “cataloguing” people of color into three Feb 9, 2018 · Blood quantum simply is the amount of "Indian blood" that an individual possesses. Blood quantum, an insidious expression of scientific racism, became the centerpiece in many federal policies of forced assimilation. May 30, 2021 · Blood Quantum is a strategy used by the government and tribes to authenticate the amount of “Native blood” a person has by tracing individual and group ancestry. Apr 28, 2020 · "Blood Quantum" may not be a great zombie movie, but it’s a uniquely powerful reminder of why zombie movies are great. Blood Quantum is a 2019 Canadian horror film written, directed, Barnaby has described the film as offering commentary on colonialism. -Canada border, and legal metrics like blood quantum, ignore the nuances of pre-colonial Indigenous belonging. Both blood quantum and the one-drop rule are connected to settler colonialism in the United States, reflecting the discriminatory racial ideologies of the time. xu xk oo wm uz ld if zr yb pu