com. 3,446,628 to Schoch, et al teaches the use of a solvent-defatted, thin-boiling starch with a fluidity range of 30 to 80 and an amylose content not in excess of 35%. The productwill be about a 40 fluidity thin boiling starch, as the term fluidity is known to the trade, but will be less congealing as the paste cools than the products of this fluidity made by hydrolyzing raw corn starch with acid alone. It is manufactured in different viscosities to suite the requirements of different types of warps but it does not change in fluidity with temperature unlike native starches. FLOJEL® G modified starch is a specially prepared thin boiling food starch derived from corn. Each starch solution was filtered through a 5. Thin Boiling Starch is manufactured by special chemical process using highest refined starch. 2. It is claimed that this starch sets quickly in to a gel and forms an acceptable confection after heating to 129°-135° C. ” There are three basic processes for making converted starches: using acid, using an oxidant in an alkaline system, and application of heat. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number US315027A Inventor Kerr Ralph Waldo AGENALITE is our organic thin boiling waxy maize starch which represents the ideal ingredient for fat replacements. FLOJEL ® 60, FLOJEL 65 ® and FLOJEL ® 75 modified starc hes are specially prepared thin boiling food starches and refined from corn. 9 m HCl) and time (4, 10, and 20 h), and is investigated in terms of functional properties (range of molar mass [M w] between 17. Provides mouthfeel to drinks, dairy dessert & yogurts. starch is added. L) was injected into an HPSEC system. 7 × 10 6 and 1. As starches are acid-thinned, viscosity decreases, and gel strength decreases, but at a slower rate. Pat. These are described by Morgan and Vaughn (28) and Buel (8). Heavily converted tapioca and acid converted potato starches cooked at high concentrations form opaque gels on cooling. Thin Boiling Starch is a partially hydrolyzed starch product. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) Ben Tech Chemical. starch, the starch solution was prepared by solubilizing 10 mg (dry basis) of starch with 15 mL deionized water and stirred in a boiling water bath for 1 h. thin boiling starch and method of making same filed aug. Ingredient Raw material. g. Jul 3, 2000 · A sago starch having a water fluidity of from about 40 to about 80. The starch of claim 1 having a water fluidity of from about 45 to about 75. Note the exact time in sec. Powdered starch used as a moulding starch comes in two grades. Our reputed company, Universal Starch-Chem Allied Ltd. Such fluidity starches exhibit exceptionally fast gelling properties, high gel strengths, and exceptional elasticity. The prozducts have the following attractive properties: can partly replace gelatin. 75%, 2%, or 2. Nov 25, 2012 · minas6907. This system consisted of an HP starch lbs matter composition water Prior art date 1957-06-10 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. It's a cut marshmallow that's is supposed to be suitable for coating in chocolate. It will be understood that this relationship is only approximate, differing slightly for different Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been evaluated for monitoring the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (thinning) of starch. Thin boiling starch is readily dispersed in water and can be boiled into a smooth paste In starch science, the term “conversion” refers to depolymerization. THIN-N-THIK ® Starch is characterised by a controlled thin-to-thick viscosity change that occurs during retorting. 00 Sago fluidity starch, 60 WF 5. It has low and uniform viscosity, which does not change much with temperature unlike native starches, which show wide variation in viscosity. FLOJEL ® the starch herein comprised a low viscosity product obtained by treating a thin boiling waxy maize base (fluidity) 85) with succinic anhydride according to the method taught in Example 8 of U. The starch of claim 1 having water fluidity of from about 55 to about 65. It can be concluded that gelatinized starch present in the dough has U. Jan 1, 1984 · Lighter yarns need a warp sizing, and a 40–60 fluidity product is utilized. There were then added 10 parts of 'tri-isobutenyl succinic acid anhydride (dissolved in 46 parts of acetone). I have discovered that starch carbamates may be pre pared by heating a homogeneous mixture of starch, nitro Sep 1, 2003 · The product, thin boiling starch, is used extensively in food, textile and paper industries (Wurzburg, 1986). info2. 183 posts · Joined 2012. e. Higher fluidities (e. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) Jan 22, 2002 · The present invention is directed to sago fluidity starch and the use thereof. 70 RPM. Apr 9, 2024 · soluble starch is a mild acid or alkali treated starch, and its starch solution has good fluidity when hot, condensation can form a soft gel, Alpha starch is produced by the physical treatment of soluble starch. Two forms of funnel are in use. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) fections wherein the congealing agent is a thin-boiling amy lose-containing cereal starch having a fluidity within the range of about 30 to about 80. x % between 2024 and 2031. This product is available under Ingredion Incorporated’s TRUETRACE® Identity Preserved Program for non-GM products. Waxy corn. ®60, FLOJEL 65 , and FLOJEL 75 modified starches are specially prepared thin boiling food starches and refined from corn. Products that are partially depolymerized are called “converted starches. Jan 1, 2009 · Fluidity waxy maize starch pastes cool to a stable sol useful in coatings and adhesives; lightly converted tapioca starch has similar properties. , 2002). starch peroxide starches calcium scott Prior art date 1940-01-22 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Such starches may be modified without the use of excessive heat or increased pressure. Forecast Period {2024-2032} As an affluent manufacturer and supplier in this domain, we are instrumental in offering a high quality Thin Boiling Starch. Starch concentration in the sizing solution is generally 10–12%, with softeners, lubricants, and preservatives as other essential ingredients. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. With continuous agitation, there were then added 5 parts Jan 24, 2014 · A reduced sugar corn syrup (RSCS) and at least one of a reducing saccharide or a thinboiling starch are used as ingredients for the preparation of food products such as caramels, chewy confectionaries, jelly gum confectionaries, bakery and confectionary fillings, flavored syrups, ice cream variegates, dessert toppings and the like. Thin boiling starch is used in textile for sizing warp. Use water bath (3. The starch of claims 1-4 having a gelation temperature from about 5 to about 7°C higher than a comparable WF corn (A) Preparation of starch succinate. The starch remains substantially unchanged with the exception of the change in thin coiling characteristics. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) starch fluidity composition water corn Prior art date 1999-08-10 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. hydrochloric acid (equivalent to stomach acid), breaking down the starch molecule and thus reducing the viscosity. North America Thin Boiling Starch Market (2023-2030) 5. A warp yarn sizing composition and method of making and using same as a warp yarn size to control the abrasion between a warp yarn and a filling yarn in which a paste comprising a noncongealing, hydrophilic, starch ether or ester or combinations thereof exhibiting five gram alkali fluidity from about 10 millimeters to about 97 millimeters and a thin boiling starch is slashed to the warp yarn Characteristics. Waxy Corn Thin Boiling Starch (E1440) Acid modification is widely used in the starch industry to prepare thin boiling starches for use in food, paper, textile starch (40–60 8C) with mineral acid for a period of time Feb 1, 2000 · Acid modified, thin boiling starch is normally prepared by treatment with hydrochloric acid and is used extensively in food, textile and paper industries (Radley, 1976, Wurzburg, 1986). FLOJEL ® 60 modified starch is slightly higher in gel strength Jan 1, 1984 · Lower degrees of acid modification, such as the 40- and 60-fluidity thin-boiling starches, do not significantly alter the gelatinization temperature. The strong gelling property of acid-thinned starches lead to their use as thickener and ambient products stabilizer. 2) preheated to 25 o C and note this water time (T) Transfer gelatinised CLEARGUM® PG 80 05 is a modified starch that can be used as a gelling agent in jelly beans, wine gums and jellies. The keeping qualities of the native starch also show a marked variation, i. Acid modification is a chemical method in used to prepare thin boiling starches for food and non-food industry applications (BeMiller & Whistler, 2009). Acid-thinned modification is a type of hydrolysis using mineral acids at low concentration and at a temperature below This adhesive comprises a selected stabilized starch composition which contains a mixture of a crosslinked starch and a fluidity or converted starch, the starches having an amylopectin content of at least 70% by weight and prepared by cooking at high temperatures and pressure, said adhesive having a solids content of about 10 to 60% and a Sep 10, 2012 · To measure the adsorption density of the causticized starch on mineral surfaces, 100 mL 0. Ltd produces high-quality thin boiled corn starch for the textile industry, meeting customer specifications. 3,446,628 describes congealed confections wherein the congealing agent is a thin-boiling amylose-containing cereal starch having a fluidity within the range of about 30 to about 80. Jun 6, 2024 · Thin boiling starches are manufactured by acid addition to raw starch and chemically treated starch. Example IV A starch acid-ester of substituted succinic acid was prepared by suspending 100 parts of an acidconverted, thin-boiling corn starch (of a degree of conversion known in the trade as 60 fluidity) in 300 parts water, in which there had been dissolved 6 parts of sodium carbonate. It is recommended for use in food systems that require the properties of low hot viscosity and gelling. Global Thin Boiling Starch Market Size, by Type (2023-2030) • Maize Starch • Wheat Starch • Potato Starch • Others 4. 6, 1928 patented aug. 00 Salt 0. Although the viscosity or fluidity properties of acid-hydrolyzed starch varies with the conditions used during modification, the yield of the modified starch consistently decreases with the increases of acid concentration and hydrolysis starch fluidity composition water corn Prior art date 1999-08-10 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. The starch so acidified is treated at a temperature of 125 F. Careful consideration must be given CLEARGUM® CK 2020 - #731599. 5%, 1. Higher levels of acid modification, over 80-fluidity, surprisingly increase the gelatinization temperature. It's the frappe that calls for the quick boiling starch. Thin boiling starch (E1440) Physico-chemical properties. STARCH PASTE VISCOSITY 273 stem of the funnel and the starch paste allowed to flow. Add 110 ml of water at at 25 o C. Measuring. The quick-setting starch can be cooked using conventional means. E: info. 1. used as fluid loss reducer for water-based mud in oil drilling. considerable degradation occurs on boiling. Specifically, dough fluidity drastically increased when the fermentation was more intense (Fig. Our earlier report described comparative study of different starches with respect to changes in some of the starch properties as a result of acid modification The use of starch in the food industry has evolved over time, with developments such as the use of fluidity or thin-boiling starches in the 1830s, cross-linking with bifunctional reagents in the late 1940s, and the development of “instant” starches in the 1960s. method is to suspend a thin slurry of starch in a 0. Acid-thinned, thin-boiling, and fluidity starches are terms referring to starches that have been subjected to acid hydrolysis. 95 × 10 4 g mol −1). These boiling starches are specified by fluidity, and decrease of pH plus increase of time will give a more fluid starch. The material Nov 24, 2014 · Posted November 24, 2014. Suitable starches include thin-boiling corn, sorghum and wheat starches modified to the 30-80 fluidity level as by acid or other means. with a glass spatula. I'm supposed to Add an egg Feappe as part of the manufacture. Gelled food products which contain starch as the con gealing agent are prepared by employing, as the con gealing agent, a thin-boiling, amylose-containing cereal starch having a fluidity within the range of about 30 to about 80, an amylose content not in excess of about 35%, and a fat content not in excess of 0. 52 Billion by 2030, Growing at a CAGR of 3. for ten hours. 3 days ago · The "Covid-19 Impact on Thin Boiling Starch Market" is set to expand significantly, expected to hit USD xx. Following the 16-hour storage period the test composition and films Utex Lose 40 (Thin Boiling Starch) About Us. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number US76455A Inventor Lee H Elizer Glen C Glasscock John M Seitz Six (6. 2. 0) parts of sodium carbonate were dissolved in 150 parts of water, and 100 parts of a thin-boiling waxy maize starch (known in the trade as fluidity waxy maize) was added thereto, with agitation. 18 Red Bean Extract 1 76. Acid-treated starch (INS 1401), also called thin boiling starch, is prepared by treating starch or starch granules with inorganic acids, e. NIR spectra of samples taken periodically during a series of starch-thinning Thin boiling starch is a modified formulation with controlled viscosity and extra-strong film properties. Bharat Starch is a leading Manufacturer Exporter & Supplier of Thin Boiling Starch in Ahmedabad Gujarat India, Exporter of Thin Boiling Starch in Gujarat, Wholesale Thin Boiling Starch Supplier in Ahmedabad, Thin Boiling Starch Manufacturing Company in India. A quick-setting starch can be used in combination with a regular thin-boiling starch at a 25–35 percent replacement. Starch is extracted from sources like corn, purified, modified to achieve desired properties, cooked under controlled conditions, cooled, and dried to form a powder or granules suitable Modified Starches. Benefits Plant-based alternative to gelatin Promotes chewiness Enhances formulation performance EFISC, Halal and Kosher certified Features Derived from potato (E1420) Thin boiling Good transparency High elasticity Low viscosity. Sep 7, 2014 · Preparation of thin boiled starch solution for size press from SP-1: the economic starch for paper industry, in kraft liner / liner board / fluting medium/ c Acid-treated starch, also known as thin boiling starch, is prepared by treating starch or starch granules with inorganic acids, resulting in reduced viscosity. The addition of the frappe increases the tenderness and improves the eating quality. Global Thin Boiling Starch Market Size, by Application (2023-2030) • Food & Beverages • Paper Making • Textile • Pharmaceuticals • Animal Feed 5. The in Typically, such gum confections use a fluidity starch or a combination of a high amylose starch and a fluidity starch which are cooked at a moisture content above the final moisture content of the confectionery, and deposited as a thin, hot liquid into a mold generally formed of dry starch. Thin boiling starch significantly improves wax pick, gloss, and smoothness of the paper by forming a strong and flexible film on the fibers. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) FLOJEL® G 05560001. Thin Boiling Starch's application in yarn weaving is particularly advantageous as it does not develop abrasive points on over drying and its flexible film gives the yarn the desired elasticity. x Billion by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of xx. Sago conversion products including fluidity or thin-boiling starches prepared by Sugar 18. THIN-N-THIK ® Starch is a maize starch designed for use in a wide variety of retorted and aseptically processed foods, in both acid and neutral systems. In order to maintain DF fluidity, it is not advisable to exceed a dry starch concentration of 10 % when preparing the starch additives (Naushad Emmambux and Taylor, 2013; Soto et al. M/S. 5% starch suspension was causticized with 100 mL of a sodium hydroxide solution of certain concentration (1. Further thinning results in a "60," then a "65," "72," "75" or a "90" fluidity. for 100 ml of water to run out of the funnel (3. You'll see them on the ingredients labels of many types of candies, these candies, usually Sep 1, 1997 · Thin-boiled starches are designated further by "fluidity" - the inverse of viscosity. Thin boiling starch is a modified starch, it is normally used in large scale candy manufacturing. To make acid-modified, acid-converted, or thin-boiling starches, a slurry of starch granules is stirred In this Example, 100 lbs. FLOJEL® 60 modifies starch is slightly higher in gel strength and hot viscosity than FLOJEL Doing further modification on thin-boiling starch can result in a quick-setting,thin-boil-ing starch. Using quick-setting starch will reduce time in the moulding Acid-treated starch, also known as thin boiling starch, is prepared by treating starch or starch granules with inorganic acids, resulting in reduced viscosity. Order sample. The treated starch material still retains all its Water soluble May 2, 2024 · starch fluidity composition water corn Prior art date 1999-08-10 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Example II In another example, we placed 4 lbs. org Sep 3, 2014 · The best thin-boiling or fluidity starches are characterized by an increase in ratio of smaller and linear molecules which develop strong gels on cooling (Taggart 2004). Use : soluble starch can be used in the manufacture of gum and candy. PERFECTAMYL GEL and PERFECTAMYL GEL NF are thin boiling potato starch derivatives, used as binding and gelling agents for the manufacture of winegums and jellies. , 80 fluidity) are occasionally used, for example, in fabric finishing. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) parent starch), cold water insoluble nitrogen containing starch derivatives from the nitrogen containing reagents selected from the class i HN-C-NE in which X represents oxygen or sulfur. 5 lb. good water binding capacity. 86 %. It is further Oct 1, 2006 · Comparisons of heat flow and drying rate data indicate that thin film drying of pregelatinized starch over a hot surface in the absence of forced airflow follows both a boiling-type and a conductive type of drying. 4) Approx. of pulverized succinic anhydride, of 60 mesh size. 989 AIA East Gateway 15th Floor. -Ten (10) pounds of thin boiling starch (60 fluidity) was dried to about 3% moisture content and 60 mesh size and blended with 0. Plus, plastic or silicone moulds can be used for depositing instead of traditional starch Honest Derivaties Private Limited - Native Starch, Oxidized Starch & Thin Boiling Starch Manufacturer from Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India ®60, FLOJEL 65 , and FLOJEL 75 modified starches are specially prepared thin boiling food starches and refined from corn. speciality thin-boiling starches enable open-kettle cooking. 0 (im syringe filter, and then the fil trate (100 jj. , manufacturers UTEXLOSE with the following specifications: Thin Boiling Starch: Physico-chemical properties: Ingredient Raw material: Corn: Dry Substance: 86 %: Calories : 4 Kcal/g: Wine gum & jelly: Texture Type: Medium long/short texture: Hardness (From 1 low to 5 high) 2 : Elasticity (From 1 low to 5 high) 3 : Transparency (From 1 low to 5 high) 2 : Stickiness (From 1 low to 5 high) 1 : Stability FLOJEL® 65 - 05065001. T: +66 2 336 1298. starch fluidity composition water corn Prior art date 1999-08-10 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. These properties allow for significantly reduced processing times, including reduced hold times. Regular powdered starch is very dry and does Sep 18, 2019 · A matrix of 27 acid-thinned (AT) potato starch (PS) samples is prepared in a laboratory scale in slurry by gradation of the process parameters temperature (30, 40, and 50 °C), acid concentration (0. Starch (Corn) There are many uses for corn starch in a candy shop and different types of starch are made to fill each need. Other treatments producing modified starch (with different INS and E-numbers) are: Jan 1, 2024 · In saline water, the caustic soda content needs to be as high as 3–4%. Other objects will appear hereinafter. Download : Download high-res image (321KB) CLEARGUM® CK 2020. 74 Billion in 2022, and is Projected to Reach USD 18. Thin Boiling Starch’s application in yarn weaving is particularly advantageous as FLOJEL® 60, FLOJEL 65® and FLOJEL® 75 modified starches are specially prepared thin boiling food starches and refined from corn. ufacture of starch jellies are included in this chapter for the retail confectioner who has the required facilities. We are excellently catering to the needs of textile, paper, adhesives, food and Shyam Enterprises G1-123, RIICO Industrial Area, Jhotwara Ext 1, Sarna Dungar, Jaipur 302012 Mobile: 74140 63567 | 93140 63567 Email: Info@Saritagroup. The mix was heated in a dextrin roaster for one hour at 140 C. The acid-treated starches are neutralized, separated by filtration, and dried. 2,461,139; said waxy maize base having been previously acid converted. Key attributes: High resistance to temperature and shear. of a 2-hydroxyethyl ether modified starch having approximately 10% by weight water content, exhibiting a ten gram alkali fluidity of 61 milliliters was added to 100 lbs cross linked thin boil starch Clinton 692B, manufactured by Clinton Starch, Clinton Iowa, having a 5 gram alkali fluidity of 19 and brought close to very little effect on the fluidity or thin boiling character istics of the starch until a level of approximately 2000 ms. Sahyadri Starch & Industries Pvt. and the starch succinate was recovered. 1) alkaline and stir 3 min. Modified starches are chemically oroxidized and ester modified industrial starch derived from Tapioca. Universal Starch-Chem Allied Ltd. 2a). It is the ideal ingredient for fat-reduced sweet spreads offering the possibility to produce them palm-oil free. In practice, the extent of starch hydrolysis is measured in fluidity units, which correspond to a physical property of the hydrolyzed starch material. No. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number US664478A Inventor Walter M Miley Stuart B Hughes Thin Boiling Starch is a partially hydrolyzed starch product. 5 percent solution of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid at 52°C (125°F) for 12 hr. ) Expired - Lifetime Application number EP00113193A Other languages German (de) English (en) Apr 1, 2012 · Starch can be modified by chemical, physical, genetic or enzymatic mean. 82 1 It will be noted that thin boiling starches are thus produced in a dry process. S. Specifications. Relatively thin throughout filling and cooking, it attains a desired thick May 29, 2024 · Global Thin Boiling Starch Market Size Was Valued at USD 13. The usual relation between fluidity and Scott viscosity is expressed by the equation f y 2000 fluidityScott that is, Scott multiplied by fluidity equals 2000 15 so that for a 60 fluidity thin boiling starch the Scott will be approximately 33. #2 · Nov 25, 2012. The volume of paste which flows in 70 seconds is the alkMine fluidity (also called "alkali fluidity" or "tip" test). of untreated wheat May 17, 2021 · Add 90 ml (4. In the production of thin-boiling starches, the physical properties of starch pastes are modified by acid treatment in the granule state so as to obtain certain desired characteristics; this degree of modification is followed by viscometric measurement of an alkali fluidity type. , is working remarkably as a manufacturer and exporter of Maize Starch, Pregel Starch, Paper Industry Starch, Textile Industry Starch, Sweetener, White Dextrin etc. 3, 0. This means that an unmodified starch has a "zero" fluidity. We share the latest organic The manufacturing process of thin boiling starch involves steps such as extraction, purification, modification, cooking, cooling, drying, and quality control. They are recommended for use in food systems that require the properties of low hot viscosity and gelling from a starch. Suitable starches include thin-boiling corn, Sorghum and wheat starches modified to the 30-80 fluidity level as by acid or other means. Itssize film has excellent tenacity 60 ciated that in this test the starch has already been sub jected to a thin-boiling modification as a result of the acidification, so that it appears that small amounts of urea act to reverse this modification in part, while still lowering filter loss, but larger amounts enhance it, an effect which could not be predicted at all from the art. btc@bentechchemical. Unit 1503 Debaratana Road, Bangna Nuea, Bangna, Bangkok,Thailand 10260. form clear and stable solutions. 8%. , 2020; Simonides et al. 54. 9, 1932 united states patent office carl bergquist, of new york, n. y. Thin boiling starch (dry) at SGBPL is manufactured by selective (chemical) and controlled annealing of the refined maize starch powder, involving the alteration of physical Jul 24, 2013 · U. FLOJEL ® Mar 1, 2018 · Higher d ferm and dose yeast increased significantly dough fluidity, ethanol content and dough expansion during cooking whereas pH of fermented dough dropped significantly. • Low-temperature processing – Low-temperature pasting starches and cold-swelling starches allow lower or no heat levels, so functional ingredients like vitamins and nutrients are retained. It gives a greasy texture in dietary products in various different food applications. The starch of claims 1-3, wherein said starch is pregelatinized. Dry Substance. Thin-boiling starches are usually made from corn starch. , assignor to international patents de- velopment company, f wilmington, delaware, a corporation of dela- ware thin boiling starch and method of making same v application led august 6, 1928. Universal Starch Chem allied Ltd. Generic Name. , at their sophisticated plant at Dondaicha ( Dhule ) in Maharashtra state. It plays a vital role in the field of paper coating and sizing. The starch solution shall be 25 o C +/- 1 o C. starch alum viscosity Prior art date 1960-12-19 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Further, the higher gel strength allows for reduced . I'm not claiming to be an expert, but the modified starches gel differently then native cornstarch. This starch is processed using superb quality tapioca and advanced technology under the direction of our adroit professionals in adherence with set market quality standards. 3%. Utexlose (Thin Boiling Starches) of various alkaline fluidities and viscosities can be manufactured as per specific requirements. Calories. Fabrilose: FABRILOSE is a modified, thin, boiling starch. for 26-28 seconds with a steam injection cooker. 6, and 0. Boiling occurs chiefly at the beginning of drying when the starch/water viscous paste has not yet fully transformed to a solid-like starch fluidity composition water corn Prior art date 1999-08-10 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Prepared from natural ingredients, our offered products are demanded across the nationwide market. of chlorine per 4 lbs. 25%), a potassium hydroxide solution (2%), or boiling distilled water. The acid hydrolysis is carried out by using the electrophilic hydroxonium ion (H 3 O +) to attack the oxygen atom on the α-1,4 glycosidic bond and hydrolyze the glucosidic linkages. With increased chlorination above this level the alkaline fluidity increases very rapidly. anhompdehfuxbekeghfr